The effect of a biofeedback-based stress management tool on physician stress: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Physicians often experience work-related stress that may lead to personal harm and impaired profes-sional performance. Biofeedback has been used to manage stress in various populations. Objective:  To  determine  whether  a  biofeedback-based  stress  management  tool,  consisting  of  rhythmic  breathing,  actively self-generated positive emotions and a portable biofeedback device, reduces physician stress. Design: Randomized controlled trial measuring efficacy of a stress-reduction intervention over 28 days, with a 28-day open-label trial extension to assess effectiveness.Setting: Urban tertiary care hospital.Participants: Forty staff physicians (23 men and 17 women) from various medical practices (1 from primary care, 30 from a medical specialty and 9 from a surgical specialty) were recruited by means of electronic mail, regular mail and posters placed in the physicians’ lounge and throughout the hospital. Intervention:  Physicians  in  the  intervention  group  were  instructed  to  use  a  biofeedback-based  stress  management  tool three times daily. Participants in both the control and intervention groups received twice-weekly support visits from the research team over 28 days, with the intervention group also receiving re-inforcement in the use of the stress management tool during these support visits. During the 28-day extension period, both the control and the interven-tion groups received the intervention, but without intensive support from the research team. Main outcome measure: Stress was measured with a scale developed to capture short-term changes in global percep-tions of stress for physicians (maximum score 200). Results: During the randomized controlled trial (days 0 to 28), the mean stress score declined significantly for the intervention group (change –14.7, standard deviation [SD] 23.8; p = 0.013) but not for the control group (change –2.2, SD 8.4; p = 0.30). The difference in mean score change between the groups was 12.5 (p = 0.048). The lower mean stress scores in the intervention group were maintained during the trial extension to day 56. The mean stress score for the control group changed significantly during the 28-day extension period (change –8.5, SD 7.6; p < 0.001).Conclusion: A biofeedback-based stress management tool may be a simple and effective stress-reduction strategy for physicians.

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